What sort of desktop computer should I get for EMAN2 reconstructions

Update 9/2031

In the Intel lineup today, for a basic machine (<$2000), I would probably lean towards a single 6-core, i7-3930K Sandy Bridge-E 3.2GHz (3.8GHz Turbo). If you want to go all-out, a machine with dual 8-core Xeon (E5-2690 Sandy Bridge-EP 2.90GHz) processors is currently at the high-end of the lineup, but this will run you about $4000 just for the two CPUs, so you could easily hit $5000-7000 for a machine like this with a decent amount of RAM. My normal RAM recommendations haven't changed much 2G/core is enough for most applications, but if you want to do tomography or deal with large viruses at high resolution, you may want 64+ GB (regardless of the number of cores).

It's worth noting, however, that for many projects, you can get away with relatively little in modern computer terms. My quad-core mac laptop, for example, can refine a ribosome to ~12 Å resolution overnight very easily. It's when you start pushing for higher resolutions or larger structures that the computing needs really increase, and in such situations you are probably better off getting some time on a cluster, rather than paying $10k for a super-duper workstation...

SSD hard drives (flash-based) have improved dramatically in recent years (as shown by their use in all current Mac laptops). They are still expensive, but now not unreasonably so. Many tasks in cryo-EM data processing, particularly with DDD movie data, are disk-limited, so you can improve the interactivity of your computer dramatically by at least supplementing your regular hard-drives with SSDs. At the very least I would suggest getting a 256 GB SSD to use as a boot drive (for the operating system, etc.). The one problem with SSDs is their lifetime may be lower than spinning hard drives, particularly if you write to them frequently. For that reason, it isn't a bad idea to have a backup of SSD data on a regular hard drive. The advantage of SSDs is speed. A typical spinning hard drive will read/write data at ~150 MB/sec. An SSD can currently do ~400-500 MB/sec. If you want to push the limits here, this is an excellent setup:

A note on GPU computing: EMAN2 does have support for GPUs available, however, there are many caveats:

Suggestion as of 3/20/2012

Sandy - bridge Xeons are now available, and I've been getting questions about which computer to get again. Note that Macs are still using the earlier Westmere technology. Anyway, here's a quick analysis:

Sandy-bridge Xeons (E5-2600 series) have finally become available, but aren't available in Macs yet. Certainly the Mac Pro loaded with 12 cores will give you the best available performance on a Mac right now. However, it is very far from the most cost-effective solution. So, it really depends on your budget and goals. Westmere still offers a decent price-performance ratio if you want dual CPUs. If you are happy with a single CPU, I'd say Core-i5's are actually the way to go (this is what I just set up in my home PC).

Here is a rough comparison of 3 machines I use: Linux - 12 core Xeon X5675 (3.07 Ghz, westmere): Speedtest = 4100/core -> ~50,000 total (2 CPU ~$2880 total) Mac - 12 core Xeon (2.66 Ghz): Speedtest = 3000 -> ~36,000 total Linux - 4 core i5-2500 (3.3 Ghz+turbo): Speedtest = 6400 (turbo), 5600 (sustained) -> ~22,000 total (1 CPU ~$210)

Now, they have just released the Sandy-bridge Xeons, but, for example, a dual 8 core system: 16 core E5-2690 (2.9 Ghz): Speedtest (Estimated) = 5650 (turbo), 4950 (sustained) -> ~80,000 total (2 CPU ~$4050)

Now, the costs I gave above are just for the CPUs. If you wanted to build, for example, several of the core i5 systems and use them in parallel, you'd need motherboard, case, memory, etc for them as well. A barebones Core I5 pc with 8 GB of ram and a 2TB drive would run you ~$650.

If you built a 16 core system around the E5-2690, $4050 - CPU $600 - motherboard $200 - case $150 - power supply $300 - 32 gb ram $500 - 4x 2TB drives (equivalent)

So ~$5800 for the (almost) equivalent 16 core machine vs $2600 for 4 of the 4-core i5 systems.

ie - you pay ~2x for the privilege of having it all integrated into a single box. Of course, that buys you a bit of flexibility as well, and saves you a lot of effort in configuration and running in parallel, etc. It also gives you 32 GB of ram on one machine, which can be useful for dealing with large volume data, visualization, etc.

On the Mac side, a 12-core 2.93 Ghz westmere system with 2 GB/core of ram -> $8000 and would give a speedtest score of ~45,000. ie ~40% more expensive and 1/2 the speed of a single linux box with the 16 core config, and 3x as expensive and 1/2 the speed of the core-i5 solution.

Please keep in mind that this is just a quick estimate, and that actual prices can vary considerably, but as you can see, the decision you make will depend a lot on your goals and your budget.

Suggestion as of 12/1/2011

Obviously for large jobs you're going to need access to a linux cluster, but regardless you will still need a desktop workstation.

A complete answer to the question depends a bit upon your budgetary constraints, or lack thereof. As you are probably aware, at the 'high end', computers become rapidly more expensive for marginal gains in performance. Generally speaking, we tend to build our own Linux boxes in-house rather than purchasing prebuilt ones, both as a cost-saving measure, and to insure future upgradability. Then again, there is nothing wrong with most available commercial pre-build PCs as long as you get the correct components. For a minimal cost-effective workstation, I would suggest:

hope that helps.

Note that these are just my own personal opinion, and do not represent an official recommendation from anyone other than myself. Your mileage may vary.